Nail fungus: how to prevent it

Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis , is a common infection that affects the fingernails and toenails. It is caused by dermatophytes , yeasts , or molds , microorganisms that thrive in warm, moist environments. Although not a life-threatening condition, nail fungus can be very annoying, unsightly, and often difficult to get rid of without persistent treatment.

How does nail fungus occur?

Nail fungus occurs when microorganisms enter the nail through small cracks, injuries, or separations of the nail from the nail bed. The infection most often begins in the toenails, as they are more exposed to moisture, sweating, and wearing closed shoes, which create ideal conditions for fungus to grow.

Infection can occur in several ways:

-Walking barefoot in public spaces such as swimming pools, gyms, saunas or communal showers.
-Wearing sweaty socks or shoes that are too tight without adequate ventilation.
-Damage to the nail or cuticle , which allows microorganisms to enter more easily.
-Reduced immune system , diabetes or poor circulation, which increase the likelihood of infection.
-Sharing files, scissors, towels or footwear with infected people.

How to recognize nail fungus?

The infection usually progresses slowly, so many people overlook it for a long time or confuse it with other problems. The most common signs include:

-Change in nail color – the nail becomes yellowish, whitish, brownish, or even greenish.
-Thickened nail – fungus causes the nail to become thickened, deformed, and more difficult to trim.
-Brittleness and brittleness – the nail begins to peel, break and crumble.
-Unpleasant odor – an infected nail may have an unpleasant odor.
-Deviation of the nail from the nail bed – in severe cases, the nail can even separate from the skin.

If the infection is not treated, it can spread to other nails or the skin on the feet (fungal skin infections - "athlete's foot").

How to prevent nail fungus?

The best way to combat fungus is prevention . Here are some key preventative measures:

1. Hygiene

-Wash and dry your feet regularly, especially between your toes.
-Change your socks every day, especially after sweating.
-Wipe your feet thoroughly after showering, as moisture promotes fungal growth.

2. Proper footwear

-Wear breathable shoes made of natural materials.
-Avoid wearing shoes that are too tight, as they cause sweating and damage to your nails.
-Always wear flip-flops or sandals in public areas (swimming pools, gyms).

3. Nail care

-Use your own files, scissors and other tools.
-Do not share towels, socks or shoes.
-If you visit manicure or pedicure salons, make sure they disinfect the equipment.

4. Strengthening the immune system

-Ensure a healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals.
-Avoid excessive stress and get enough sleep.

What to do when nail fungus appears?

Once you notice signs of a fungal infection, it is important to act as soon as possible , as the early stages are easier to manage. Treatment can be long-term – even several months – as the infected nail needs to grow back completely.

1. Home remedies (for mild cases)

Some natural remedies have antifungal properties. They are used mainly in the initial stages of infection:

-Apple cider vinegar – has antifungal effects. You can soak your feet for 15–20 minutes daily in a solution of water and vinegar (1:1 ratio).
-Tea tree oil – has an antiseptic effect. Apply a drop to the affected nail 1–2 times a day.
-Coconut oil – contains lauric acid, which can inhibit the growth of fungi.
-Baking soda – helps regulate skin pH and can inhibit fungal growth.

Note: Natural remedies are not always effective for advanced infections. If you don't see improvement within a few weeks, contact your doctor.

2. Over-the-counter pharmacy products

Various antifungals are available in the form of varnishes, gels, and creams , such as:
-Anti-fungal varnishes
-Antimycotic gels

The use of these products must be consistent and long-term (several weeks or even months). It is recommended to thin the nails with a file before application for better penetration of the active ingredient.

3. Prescription treatment

If the infection is extensive, long-lasting, or does not respond to topical treatment, your doctor may prescribe:

-Oral antifungals (e.g. terbinafine, itraconazole)
-Medical procedures , such as laser treatment of the fungus or surgical removal of the nail in severe cases.

Oral medications are often effective, but they are not recommended for use without medical supervision as they can affect the liver or cause interactions with other medications.

How long does the treatment take?

Treatment of nail fungus is long-term, as you have to wait for a new, healthy nail to grow , which takes from 6 months to 1 year (for toenails). During treatment, it is crucial to:

-To use the product regularly and consistently .
-Do not stop treatment too quickly , even if the fungus is no longer visible.
-To take care of hygiene and prevent re-infection .

Nail fungus is a common but persistent infection that requires patience, consistency and proper care. It is crucial not to ignore the problem and to take action at the first signs. Prevention remains the best weapon – with proper hygiene, the right choice of footwear and strengthening immunity, we can close the door to fungus before it even gets a chance.